Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin Story

Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II (l: Palembang, 1767, w: Ternate, 26 September 1852) is leader-Palembang Darussalam Sultanate during the two periods (1803-1813, 1818-1821), after the reign of his father, Sultan Muhammad Bahauddin ( 1776-1803). His real name before he became emperor was the Queen of Prince Raden Hasan.

In his reign, he had several times led the battle against the English and Dutch, among the so-called War of Menteng. On the stairs July 14, 1821, when the Dutch managed to master the Palembang, Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II and family were arrested and exiled to Ternate.

His name is now immortalized as the name of international airport in Palembang, Sultan Mahmud Airport Badaruddin II and the rupiah currency denomination's 10,000 issued by the Bank Indonesia on October 20, 2005. Use of images SMB II in this bill could be a case of copyright infringement, allegedly used the image without artist's permission, but later revealed that this image has become the property of the face painting competition organizers SMB II.


Conflict with Britain Since tin is found in the Pacific in the mid-18th century, Palembang and its territory became the target of Britain and the Netherlands. to establish a commercial contract, the Europeans intend to master Palembang. Beginning of European colonization was marked by the placement Loji (trade office). In Palembang, the first lodge built in Sungai Aur Netherlands (10 Ulu).

Europeans first encountered the Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II (SMB II) is Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles. Raffles know the exact nature of the Sultan of Palembang. Therefore, Raffles great respect in addition there are concerns as stated in the report to his superior, Lord Minto, dated December 15, 1810:
"Sultan of Palembang is one of the richest Malay prince and correct what is being said that the warehouse is full of dollar and gold that has been dumped by his ancestors. I think this is one subject that is important to deter Daendels exploit the huge source procurement. "

Along with the existence of contacts between Britain and Palembang, the same was done Dutch. In this case, through his envoy, Raffles managed to persuade the SMB II to expel the Dutch from Palembang (Raffles letter dated March 3, 1811).

Wisely, the SMB II Raffles wrote back that essentially said that Palembang not want to engage in hostilities between Britain and the Netherlands, and there was no intention to work together with the Dutch. But the British eventually established cooperation-Palembang, Palembang where the more advantaged.

On 14 September 1811 event took place at the lodge scorched earth and slaughter the River Flow. Dutch accused of provoking Britanialah Palembang to expel the Dutch. By contrast, Britain's hand washing, even directly accused the SMB II who initially did.

Raffles cornered by events Aur River lodge, but still hopes to negotiate with the SMB II and get Bangka as compensation to the British. Raffles expectation is of course rejected SMB II. Consequently, Britain sent a fleet of war under the leadership of Gillespie with the reason to punish SMB II. In a brief battle, Palembang SMB II capitulated and withdrew to the Estuary Rawas, Musi River far upstream.

Having succeeded in occupying Palembang, Britain felt the need to raise new puppet ruler. After signing an agreement with the terms of the benefit Britain, dated May 14, 1812 Prince Duke (brother of SMB II) was appointed with the title of Sultan Ahmad II or Husin Diauddin Najamuddin. Bangka Island was overrun and renamed the Duke of York's Island. In Mentor, who then called Minto, Meares was placed as a resident.

Meares ambitious to capture the SMB II who had made camp at Muara Rawas. On August 28, 1812 he was carrying troops and weapons being transported by boat to invade Estuary Rawas. In a battle at Buay unpleasant, Meares was shot and eventually died after being taken back to Mentor. His position was replaced by Major Robison.

Learning from experience Meares, Robison want to make peace with the SMB II. Through a series of negotiations, SMB II returned to Palembang and took the throne again on July 13, 1813 until ousted again in August 1813. Meanwhile, Raffles Robison sacked and detained because he gave the mandate is not appropriate.


Conflict with the Dutch
August 13, 1814 London Convention makes Britain handed back to the Dutch all the colonies across the sea since January 1803. This policy is not fun Raffles having to surrender to the Dutch Palembang. Handover occurred on August 19, 1816 after a delay of two years, it was after Raffles was replaced by John Fendall.

The Netherlands then lifted Herman Warner Muntinghe as commissioner in Palembang. The first act he did was to reconcile these two sultans, SMB II and Husin Diauddin. Its actions are successful, the SMB II succeeded to the throne again on June 7, 1818. Meanwhile, Husin Diauddin had allied with Britain had been persuaded by Muntinghe to Batavia and eventually exiled to Cianjur.

Basically, the Dutch colonial government did not believe in the Malay kings. Mutinghe test it by conducting an assessment to the inland regions of the Sultanate of Palembang by reason of the inspection and inventory areas. It appeared in the estuary area Rawas he and his men attacked the followers who are still faithful to the SMB II. Upon his return to Palembang, he demanded that the Crown Prince handed over to him. It is intended as a guarantee of loyalty to the Dutch sovereign. To coincide with the expiration time Mutinghe ultimatum to surrender the crown prince, began to attack the SMB Netherlands

The battle against the Dutch, known as the War Menteng (from the Muntinghe) broke out on June 12, 1819. This war is the most devastating war at that time, where most casualties are in the Netherlands. The fighting continued until the next day, but the defense remained impenetrable Palembang, until finally returning to Batavia Muntinghe without a victory.

The Netherlands does not accept that fact. Governor-General G.A.G.Ph. van der Capellen negotiate with Admiral Constantijn Wolterbeek and Maj. Johan Hendrik Merkus de Kock and decided to send an expedition to Palembang with power multiplied. The goal depose and punish SMB II, then raised his nephew (Prince Jayaningrat) as his successor.

SMB II has accounted for there will be the counterattack. Therefore, he prepared a formidable system of fortifications. In some places in Musi River, Palembang before entering, made fortifications sultan commanded the family. Later, these castles are very instrumental in the defense of Palembang.

Battle of the river began on October 21, 1819 by the Dutch with a shot on the orders Wolterbeek. This attack was greeted by cannon shots from the edge of the Musi. The battle lasted just one day, Wolterbeek stopped the attack and eventually returned to Batavia on October 30, 1819.

SMB II still take into account and will prepare a counterattack. The first preparation is a restructuring of government. Crown Prince, Prince Queen, was appointed in December 1819 with the title of sultan Ahmed III Najamuddin. SMB II stepped down and hold Susuhunan. Responsible for the forts rotated, but still within the sultan's family.

After going through the cultivation of nobility (His Majesty the Sultan Ahmad Husin diauddin and Najamuddin prabu anom) and the Arabs Palembang through espionage work, and the place where the defense along the river musi already known by the Dutch as well as the preparation of a strong army, the Dutch came to Palembang with greater force . Dated May 16, 1821 Dutch fleet entered the waters of the Musi. The first armed clash occurred on June 11, 1821 until menghebatnya battle on June 20, 1821. On June 20 of this battle, once again, the Dutch defeat. De Kock had not decided to return to Batavia, but set the offensive strategy.

Month of June 1821 to coincide with the holy month of Ramadan. Friday and Sunday utilized by the two warring parties to worship. De Kock take advantage of this opportunity. He ordered his troops not to attack on Friday in hopes of SMB II also did not attack on Sunday. At dawn Sunday, June 24, when the people of Palembang was eating the meal, the Netherlands suddenly attacked Palembang. once the ship is traveling in front of his brother His Majesty Sultan Ahmad Husin and Najamuddin Diauddin Anom and His Majesty King Queen Bahmud Badaruddin / SMB 2 was completely wrong, if shot his own brother who was onboard the Dutch and the Sultan of Palembang Darussalam assuming the heart to kill you because the property / throne ( Badr Darussalam

Surprise attack is of course crippling Palembang on Sunday thinking that the Dutch did not attack. After going through a great resistance, dated June 25, 1821 Palembang fell into the hands of the Netherlands. Then on July 1, 1821 berkibarlah flag rod, wit, en Blau on Religious Tourism bastion, then the Dutch East Indies resmilah colonialism in Palembang.

Dated July 13, 1821, near midnight on the 3rd Syawal, SMB II and his family boarded the ship Dageraad partly on the 4th of Shawwal with the aim of Batavia. From Batavia SMB II and his family were exiled to the island of Ternate to the end 26 September 1852. (For 35 years living in Ternate and sketches residence of Sri Paduka Mahmud Badaruddin Majesty Queen / SMB II kept by Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin Diradja King III).