Heroes Of Indonesian

Ir. Soekarno1 (June 6, 1901 - June 21, 1970) is Indonesia's first president who served in the period 1945-1966. He played a vital role to liberate the people of Indonesia from Dutch colonialism. He is a digger Pancasila. He was proclaimed the Independence of Indonesia (along with Mohammad Hatta) which occurred on August 17, 1945.


He issued a Warrant March 11, 1966 among others assigns Supersemar Lieutenant General Suharto to secure and maintain his authority. But Supersemar was abused by Lt. Gen. Suharto to undermine the authority of him by accusing him of masterminding the September 30th Movement participated, a matter that is not possible. The allegations led the People's Consultative Assembly, whose members have been replaced with a pro-Suharto, Suharto's presidency to shift.

Sukarno was born with the name Kusno Sosrodihardjo. His father named Raden Sukemi Sosrodihardjo, a teacher in Surabaya, Java. His mother came from Bali.

When small Sukarno lived with his grandfather in Tulungagung, East Java. At age 14, a friend of his father who named Oemar Said Tjokroaminoto invited Sukarno lived in Surabaya and schooled to Hoogere Burger School (HBS) in there. In Surabaya, Sukarno met many leaders of Islam SI, Organization led Tjokroaminoto time. Sukarno later joined the organization Jong Java (Java Youth).

Graduated H.B.S. 1920, Sukarno went to the Technische Hoge School (now ITB) in Bandung, and graduated in 1925. While in Bandung, Sukarno Tjipto Mangunkusumo and interact with Dr. Douwes Dekker, who was then leader of the National organization Indische Partij.

In 1926, Sukarno founded Algemene Study Club in Bandung. This organization became the forerunner of the National Party of Indonesia which was established in 1927. Sukarno's PNI activity causes arrest in the Netherlands in December 1929, to be released back on December 31, 1931.

In July 1932, Sukarno joined the Party of Indonesia (Partindo), which is a fraction of the PNI. Sukarno was arrested again in August 1933, and exiled to Flores. New Soekarno-free return during the Japanese occupation in 1942.

In the early period of Japanese occupation (1942-1945), the Japanese government could not pay attention to figures of the movement of Indonesia, especially to "secure" its presence in Indonesia. It looks at the movement of 3A with the character and Mr. Shimizu. Shamsuddin is less popular.

But eventually, the Japanese occupation government attention and simultaneously take advantage of figures such as Sukarno's Indonesia figures, Mohammad Hatta and others in any organizations and institutions at all levels to attract the hearts of the Indonesian population. Mentioned in various organizations such as Java Hookokai, Center for the People's Power (Putera), BPUPKI and PPKI, character figures such as Sukarno, Hatta, Ki Hajar Dewantara, KH Mas Mansyur and other others mentioned and seen so active. And finally the national figures in cooperation with the Japanese occupation government to achieve the independence of Indonesia, although some are underground like Sutan Syahrir and Amir Sjarifuddin because they think Japan is a dangerous fascist.

President Soekarno himself, during his opening speech before the reading of the text of the proclamation of independence, saying that although we cooperate with Japan in fact we believe and believe and rely on its own strength.

He is active in business preparation for the independence of Indonesia, including the formulation of Pancasila, the 1945 Constitution and the fundamental basis of government Indonesia including formulating the manuscript proclamation of Independence. He was persuaded to step aside to RengasdengklokPeristiwa Rengasdengklok.

In 1943, Japanese Prime Minister Hideki Tojo Indonesia to invite the leaders Sukarno, Mohammad Hatta and Ki Bagus Hadikoesoemo to Japan and was received by Emperor Hirohito. Even the emperor gave the imperial star (Rachael Saints) to the three leaders of Indonesia. The awarding of the star makes the Japanese occupation government was surprised, because it means that all three characters Indonesia is considered Japan's imperial family itself. In August 1945, he was invited by Marshal Terauchi, the Army leadership in the Southeast Asia region Dalat Vietnam who later declared that the proclamation of the independence of Indonesia is the Indonesian people themselves.

But his involvement in the bodies Notching Japanese organizations make Sukarno was accused by the Netherlands in cooperation with Japan, among others, in the case romusha.

Loading living room is irrelevant because at the time there was no furniture. Chinese house was forcibly evacuated by officers maps that can be occupied by an entourage of Sukarno.

Sukarno with national figures began to prepare ahead of the Proclamation of Independence of the Republic of Indonesia. After the trial Investigation Agency Business Preparation of Independence [BPUPK], subcommittee consisting of eight people (Officially), subcommittee consisting of nine / nine committee (which produces the Jakarta Charter) and the Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence PPKI, Soekarno-Hatta establish NegaraIndonesia based on Pancasila and 1945 Constitution.

After seeing Marshal Terauchi in Dalat, Vietnam, events came to pass Rengasdengklok] on August 16, 1945; Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta was persuaded by the youth for the troops withdrew to the hostel Rengasdengklok Map Defenders of the Homeland. Youth leaders who persuaded the lainSoekarni, Wikana, Singgih and Chairul Saleh. The youths demanded that Sukarno and Hatta proclaimed the independence of the Republic of Indonesia soon, because the vacuum of power in Indonesia occurred. This is because the Japanese had surrendered and Allied troops had not arrived. But Sukarno, Hatta and leaders refused on the grounds waiting for clarity about the Japanese surrender. Another reason is that developing the right moment to Soekarno establish the independence of the Republic of Indonesia which is chosen on 17 August 1945 when it coincided with the 17th of Ramadan, the Muslim holy month that is believed to be the date of the first revelation of the Muslims to the Prophet Muhammad that Al Qur-an. On August 18, 1945, Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta PPKI be appointed by the President and Vice President of the Republic of Indonesia. On August 29, 1945 appointment as president and vice president inaugurated by KNIP.Pada on 19 September 1945 Sukarno's authority to settle without bloodshed Ikada Field event where 200 000 people of Jakarta will clash with Japanese troops are still fully armed.

At the time of arrival of the Allies (AFNEI) led by Sir Philip Christison Letjend, Christison finally recognized the sovereignty of Indonesia's de facto after meeting with President Sukarno. President Sukarno also try to resolve the crisis in Surabaya. However, due to provocation launched by troops NICA (Netherlands) who ride the Allies. (Under UK) burst event 10 November 1945 in Surabaya and the death of Brigadier AWS Mallaby.

Because a lot of provocation in Jakarta at the time, President Soekarno eventually move the capital of the Republic of Indonesia from Jakarta to Yogyakarta. Followed by vice presidents and other senior state officials.

The position of President Sukarno in the 1945 Constitution is the position of President as head of government and heads of state (presidential / executive singles). During the revolution, the system of government changed to semi-presidensiil/double executive. President Sukarno as head of state and Sutan Sjahrir as Prime Minister / Head of Government. It happened because of the vice presidential edict No. X, and the government's announcement in November 1945 on political parties. This was taken to the Republic of Indonesia is considered a more democratic country.

Although the system of government changed, when the revolution of independence, the position of President Sukarno is still most important, especially in the face of the Madiun Affair 1948 as well as the Dutch Military Aggression II that led to President Soekarno, Vice-President Mohammad Hatta and a number of high state officials arrested the Netherlands. Despite the Emergency Government of the Republic of Indonesia (Emergency Government) with the head Sjafruddin Prawiranegara, but in fact the international and domestic situation while recognizing that the Soekarno-Hatta Indonesia is a true leader, he only policy that can resolve disputes Indonesia-Netherlands.

After the recognition of sovereignty (the Dutch Government as a submission mentions Sovereignty), President Soekarno was appointed as President of the Republic of Indonesia (RIS) and Mohammad Hatta was appointed as prime minister of RIS. The position of President of the Republic of Indonesia submitted to Mr. Assaat, which became known as the Java-Yogyakarta Indonesia. However, due to the demands of all the people of Indonesia who want to return to a unitary state, then on 17 August 1950, RIS again changed into the Republic of Indonesia and President Sukarno became President. The mandate of the office holders Assaat Mr. President handed back to Ir.Soekarno. Tesminya position of President Sukarno was President of the Constitutional, but in fact government policy made after consultation with him.

Myth Binitarian Soekarno-Hatta quite popular and more powerful among the people compared to the prime minister head of government. Rise and fall of the cabinet are known as "cabinet semumur corn" to make the President less trusting multi-party system, even calling it a "disease of party". Not infrequently, he also intervened to mediate conflicts within the military that also impact on the rise and fall of the cabinet. Like the events of October 17, 1952 and events in the Air Force.

President Sukarno also provides many ideas in the international world. Concern over the fate of the peoples of Asia and Africa, are still not independent, yet have the right to self-determination, causing the president Sukarno, in 1955, took the initiative to hold the Asian-African Conference in Bandung that produces Dasa Sila. Known as the Bandung Asian-African Capital. Inequality and conflict due to "time bomb" left by Western countries are still concerned that branded imperialism and colonialism, inequality and fears of the emergence of a nuclear war that changed civilization, injustice international agencies in conflict resolution is also a concern him. Joint President Josip Broz Tito (Yugoslavia), Gamal Abdel Nasser (Egypt), Mohammad Ali Jinnah (Pakistan), U Nu, (Burma) and Jawaharlal Nehru (India) he held the Asian-African Conference that led to the Non-Aligned Movement. Thanks to its services, many Asian and African countries which gained its independence. But unfortunately there are many others experiencing conflict until now because of the injustice in problem solving, which is still dikuas powerful nations or superpowers. Thanks to these services as well, many people from the Asia-Africa is not forgotten Soekarno remember or know when will Indonesia.

To run an independent foreign policy is active in the international world, the President visited many countries and met with leaders of the country. Among them was Nikita Khrushchev (Soviet Union), John Fitzgerald Kennedy (United States), Fidel Castro (Cuba), Mao Tse Tung (RRT).

Sukarno's full name at birth was Kusno Sosrodihardjo. as a kid, because often sick, according to the Javanese custom; by his parents renamed to Sukarno. Later on when the President R.I. Sukarno was replaced by the name he himself became Sukarno because according to him these names using the spelling of the invaders (the Netherlands). He still uses the name of Sukarno in his signature because the signature is the signature contained in the text of the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence may not be altered.

The name familiar to Ir. Sukarno was Bung Karno.